SYLLABUS for UPSC & GATE

-

 GATE CSE Full Syllabus (2025)

GATE CSE has 10 main subjects:

1️⃣ Engineering Mathematics

  • Discrete Mathematics (Sets, Relations, Graphs, Functions)
  • Probability & Statistics
  • Linear Algebra
  • Calculus

2️⃣ Digital Logic

  • Number Systems & Conversions
  • Boolean Algebra & Logic Gates
  • Combinational Circuits (Multiplexers, Decoders)
  • Sequential Circuits (Flip-Flops, Counters)

3️⃣ Computer Organization & Architecture

  • Processor & Memory Hierarchy
  • Pipelining, Caching, and Virtual Memory
  • Assembly Language

4️⃣ Programming & Data Structures

  • C, C++, Python basics
  • Arrays, Linked Lists, Stacks, Queues
  • Trees, Graphs, Hashing

5️⃣ Algorithms

  • Sorting & Searching (Quick Sort, Merge Sort)
  • Greedy, Divide & Conquer, Dynamic Programming
  • Graph Algorithms (DFS, BFS, Dijkstra, Floyd-Warshall)

6️⃣ Theory of Computation

  • Regular Languages & Finite Automata
  • Context-Free Grammar & Pushdown Automata
  • Turing Machines & Undecidability

7️⃣ Compiler Design

  • Lexical Analysis & Syntax Analysis (Parsing)
  • Code Optimization & Code Generation
  • Symbol Table & Error Handling

8️⃣ Operating System

  • Process Management (Threads, Scheduling)
  • Memory Management (Paging, Segmentation)
  • File System & Deadlocks

9️⃣ Database Management System (DBMS)

  • ER Model, Normalization, SQL Queries
  • Transactions & Concurrency Control
  • Indexing & Storage Structures

🔟 Computer Networks

  • OSI & TCP/IP Models
  • IP Addressing, Subnetting, Routing Protocols
  • Network Security & Cryptography

📌 Additional Sections in GATE Exam

  1. General Aptitude (15 Marks)
    • English Grammar, Logical Reasoning, Basic Math
  2. Mathematics (10–15 Marks) (for some branches)

The GATE CSE paper is 100 marks in total and consists of 65 questions. The mark distribution is as follows:

1️⃣ General Aptitude (GA) – 15 Marks

🔹 Compulsory Section for All Papers
🔹 10 Questions

  • 5 Questions → 1 Mark Each
  • 5 Questions → 2 Marks Each

✅ Topics Covered:

  • Verbal Ability (English, Grammar, Sentence Completion)
  • Logical Reasoning
  • Quantitative Aptitude (Basic Math)
  • Data Interpretation

2️⃣ Core Subject (CSE) – 85 Marks

🔹 55 Technical Questions from the Syllabus

  • 25 Questions → 1 Mark Each (Total: 25 Marks)
  • 30 Questions → 2 Marks Each (Total: 60 Marks)

✅ Subject-Wise Weightage (Approximate):

Subject 📚  Marks 🔢Weightage (%)
Engineering Mathematics           10-12 Marks10-12%
Digital Logic5-7 Marks5-7%
Computer Organization & Architecture          7-9 Marks7-9%
Programming & Data Structures8-10 Marks                  8-10%
Algorithms8-10 Marks8-10%
Theory of Computation7-9 Marks7-9%
Compiler Design5-7 Marks5-7%
Operating System8-10 Marks8-10%
Database Management System (DBMS)7-9 Marks7-9%
Computer Networks7-9 Marks7-9%

📌 Total Core Marks: 85

3️⃣ Question Types & Marking Scheme

Question TypeMarks Per QuestionNegative Marking
MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions)1 Mark-0.33 Marks
MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions)           2 Marks     -0.66 Marks
MSQ (Multiple Select Questions)1 or 2 Marks❌ No Negative Marking
NAT (Numerical Answer Type)1 or 2 Marks❌ No Negative Marking

📌 Key Takeaways

✅ General Aptitude (GA) is 15% of the paper (Don't ignore it!)
✅ Mathematics + Programming + Algorithms = 30% weightage
✅ High-scoring topics: OS, DBMS, CN, TOC, Algorithms
✅ Focus on MSQs & NATs (No Negative Marking)


📌 Additional Key Points About GATE

1️⃣ Exam Pattern & Duration

  • 🕒 Exam Duration: 3 hours
  • 📋 Total Questions: 65 questions (100 Marks)
  • ✍ Online Mode (Computer-Based Test - CBT)
  • Sections:
    ✅ General Aptitude (15 Marks)
    ✅ Core Technical (85 Marks)

2️⃣ Cutoff & Ranking Strategy

  • Qualifying Cutoff (CSE) (Varies Each Year):
    • General: 25–30 Marks
    • OBC/EWS: 22–27 Marks
    • SC/ST/PwD: 16–22 Marks
  • Top Ranks (IISc/IITs) Need: 70+ Marks
  • NITs & IIITs Need: 55–65 Marks

📌 More marks = Better PSU (like ONGC, IOCL, DRDO) & M.Tech options

3️⃣ Exam Strategy (Smart Study Plan)

✅ Focus on High-Weightage Topics First

  • OS, DBMS, CN, Algorithms, TOC
    ✅ Solve PYQs (10+ Years Minimum)
    ✅ Mock Tests Are a Must!
    ✅ Learn Time Management (3 Hours = 180 Mins for 65 Questions)

4️⃣ GATE Benefits (Why It’s Important)

🎯 M.Tech Admission - IISc, IITs, NITs, IIITs
🎯 Jobs in PSUs - ONGC, IOCL, HPCL, BHEL
🎯 Higher Studies Abroad - Some foreign universities accept GATE
🎯 Good Salary - PSU jobs offer 10+ LPA startin


📌 UPSC CSE (Civil Services Exam) Full Breakdown

The UPSC Civil Services Exam (CSE) is one of the toughest exams in India. It selects officers for IAS, IPS, IFS, IRS, and other services.

🔹 1. Exam Stages & Pattern

UPSC CSE has 3 stages:

StageExam NameMarksType
Stage 1Prelims400Objective (MCQs)
Stage 2Mains1750Descriptive (Written)
Stage 3Interview (Personality Test)275Face-to-Face

📌 Total Marks for Final Rank: 2025 Marks (Mains + Interview)

🔹 2. UPSC Prelims (Stage 1) – Screening Test

📋 Exam Mode: Offline (Pen & Paper)
🕒 Duration: 2 Hours per Paper
🔢 Negative Marking: ⅓rd marks deducted for wrong answers

PaperSubjectsQuestionsMarks
Paper 1General Studies (GS)100200
Paper 2CSAT (Aptitude)80200

📌 CSAT is Qualifying (Need 33% or 66 Marks)
📌 Prelims Marks Not Counted for Final Ranking (Only Mains + Interview)

✅ Subjects in Prelims GS:

  • History (Ancient, Medieval, Modern, Art & Culture)
  • Geography (India, World, Environment, Disaster Mgmt)
  • Polity & Constitution
  • Economy (Budget, Banking, Agriculture, Growth, Policies)
  • Science & Tech (Space, IT, Biotechnology, Defense, AI, Quantum Computing)
  • International Relations & Current Affairs

🔹 3. UPSC Mains (Stage 2) – Written Exam

📋 Exam Mode: Descriptive (Essay-Type)
🕒 Duration: 3 Hours per Paper
📝 Total Papers: 9

PaperSubjectMarksRemarks
Paper AIndian Language (Any 1)300Qualifying
Paper BEnglish300Qualifying
Paper 1Essay250Counts for Merit
Paper 2General Studies 1 (History, Geography, Society)250Counts for Merit
Paper 3General Studies 2 (Polity, Governance, IR)250Counts for Merit
Paper 4General Studies 3 (Economy, Science, Security)250Counts for Merit
Paper 5General Studies 4 (Ethics & Integrity)250Counts for Merit
Paper 6 & 7Optional Subject (Any 1 Subject, 2 Papers)500Counts for Merit

📌 Total Mains Marks Considered: 1750 Marks
📌 Language Papers Are Just Qualifying (Need 25%)

✅ Popular Optional Subjects:

  • Political Science & International Relations (PSIR)
  • Public Administration
  • History, Geography, Sociology
  • Anthropology, Economics, Psychology
  • Engineering (Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Mathematics)
  • Medical Science, Law, Literature (Hindi, English, etc.)

🔹 4. UPSC Interview (Personality Test) – 275 Marks

  • Face-to-face interview with a panel of experts
  • Assess personality, decision-making, leadership, mental toughness
  • Final Ranking is based on Mains (1750) + Interview (275) = 2025 Marks

📌 Interview Preparation Topics:
✅ Current Affairs (National & International)
✅ Your Background (Education, Hometown, Optional Subject)
✅ Situational & Ethical Questions
✅ Policy-Based Questions (Govt. Schemes, Economy, Law & Order)

🔹 5. UPSC Cutoff Trends

Cutoffs vary yearly based on difficulty & vacancies.

📌 Prelims Cutoff (General Category) (Out of 200 in GS Paper 1)

  • 2023: 75–85
  • 2022: 88.22
  • 2021: 87.54

📌 Final Rank Cutoff (General Category) (Out of 2025)

  • Top Rank (IAS Selection): 950+ Marks
  • IPS Selection: 880+ Marks
  • IFS, IRS Selection: 800–850 Marks

🔹 6. Best Strategy to Crack UPSC

✅ Focus on NCERTs (6th–12th) First
✅ Read Standard Books (Laxmikanth for Polity, Spectrum for Modern History, etc.)
✅ Newspapers Are a Must (The Hindu / Indian Express)
✅ Practice Answer Writing Daily
✅ Solve Previous Year Questions (PYQs) & Mock Tests

🔹 7. Benefits of Clearing UPSC

🎯 Become an IAS, IPS, IFS, IRS Officer
🎯 Work in Key Govt. Roles (Policy, Law, Security, Economy)
🎯 High Salary, Power, and Job Security
🎯 Impact Millions of Lives Through Policy Making
🎯 Post-Retirement Benefits & International Opportunities


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular Posts

WRITING GOALS CHALLENGE ♥️#MAY

-
WRITING GOALS—(15 Mins/Day from May 1, 2025) Week 1 (May 1 - May 6) – Writing Fundamentals Learn grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure for clarity. Study types of writing (blogging, copywriting, technical writing). Write short paragraphs on simple topics to practice structure. Daily Task : Write 100–200 words on any topic. Weekly Task (by May 6) : Publish a short blog/article on Medium or a personal blog. 1  Writing Style: Informative / Blogging 2  Writing Style: Personal Essay / Opinion 3  Writing Style: Technical Writing 4  Writing Style: Copywriting (Persuasive/Marketing) 5  Writing Style: Creative Writing (Narrative/Reflective) 6  Writing Style: Report Writing (Formal/Informative) Week 2 (May 7–May 14) – SEO & Storytelling Practice SEO writing (keyword research, headlines). Learn storytelling techniques for engaging content. Write product descriptions, blog posts, and technical articles. Weekly Task: Write a 500-word article and publish it. Go...
Read more

THE ANGEL FROM GOD

-
THE ANGEL FROM GOD “Clean your room, Lily,” said Rahab, her mom. Lily nodded her head, with her eyes focused on her mobile, lying down with ease and irresponsibility over her works and studies. After an hour, she remembered to finish an assignment ,with an alarm. With a battle in her mind, for procrastinating both cleaning and assignment works, she got up from bed and kept her mobile near her watch. Suddenly she went into a class, seeing herself in that room. She was amazed to see it. She can see that there’s an English class going on, she had a jerk in her heart. Then after 10 minutes , two teams finished their speeches. It was her team’s turn. Her friend took the first part and presented it. Lily noticed that her friend presented a huge part of her (Lily) script. Lily became nervous. It was her turn. Few students & her teacher’s eyes were on her. Lily’s heart rate increased. She repeated her part ,and forgot a large part of her script , due to fear. Her teacher scolded her for t...
Read more

A1 & A2 SPANISH COMPLETION #2-WEEK CHALLENGE

-
 DAY 1   DAY-2    DAY-3    DAY-4     DAY-5     DAY-6      DAY-7 DAY-8   DAY-9   DAY-10   DAY-11   DAY-12   DAY-13   DAY-14 DAY-15 <REVIEW OF DAY-14> COMPLETE REVIEW OF 15 DAYS 🇪🇸 Spanish A1 + A2 – 2-Week Syllab us (15 Minutes/Day) 📆 WEEK 1 – A1 Level: Survival Spanish Day Topic Focus ✅ Day 1 Greetings & Introductions                                  Hola, ¿Cómo estás?, Me llamo, Tú vs Usted ✅ Day 2 Ser vs Estar Identity vs Mood, Conjugation, Usage ✅ Day 3 Numbers + Age 1–100, Saying your age: “Tengo 20 años ✅  Day 4 Days, Months, Seasons, Dates ¿Qué día es hoy?, el lunes, enero, primavera ✅ Day 5 Time & Daily Routine ¿Qué hora es?, a las ocho, Me levanto a las… ✅ Day 6 Family & People Mi madre, Mi hermano, ¿Tienes hermanos? ✅ Day 7 Review + Practice Dialogue practice, questions, ...
Read more

A Journey Beyond Borders

-
Aboard a grand vessel that rocked gently with the tides, people from all walks of life—farmers, teachers, miners, artists, software developers, soldiers, merchants, healers, tailors, poets, construction workers, dancers, engineers, and countless others—embarked on a 30-day voyage across oceans. The ship echoed with the voices of different tongues, laughter, songs of home, and hopes for the future. What united them wasn’t their past, but a shared anticipation of change. But destiny took a sharp turn. After reaching the edge of their journey, the ship suffered irreparable mechanical failure. With urgency and political interest, a nearby nation—Aidni offered to sponsor a flight to take these people home or at least to safety. The country broadcasted its decision with pride. The state-run channels of Aidni framed it as a humanitarian act, a generous gesture in an election season where every vote mattered. However, behind closed doors, dissent brewed. “This is a strategic mistake,” grumbled...
Read more

THE BROKEN WING

-
Novi, from New Gate, was headed to Bell City to inaugurate the Independent Editorial Company (IEC), which started as a blog. The blog gained popularity after continuous political victories and stirred social issues such as caste, religious politics, financial biases, and unfair justice. It remained unnoticed for a year until a controversial tweet by her mother, Helen Novina, went viral. The tweet put the blog in the spotlight, making Helen the movement's catalyst, though she was tragically killed later. Upon arriving in Bell City, Novi took an auto ride with a familiar driver—their silent exchange speaking volumes. He was once an advocate who had resigned after failing to get justice for a woman and her daughter. And here she was, attending the conference with a bold face and her chin held high. At the IEC, Novi was greeted and proceeded to deliver her speech. “Never hide your passion or honesty. In your journey, your audience may be risking their lives to support you. Think about ...
Read more

Basic Greetings & Phrases - es

-
  Let's learn Spanish from the basics together! : Basic Greetings & Phrases; 🔹 Part 1: Vocabulary 1. Greetings – Saludos Hola – Hello Buenos días – Good morning Buenas tardes – Good afternoon Buenas noches – Good night Bienvenido/a – Welcome (“o” for males, “a” for females) --- 2. Asking How Someone Is ¿Cómo estás? – How are you? (informal) ¿Qué tal? – How’s it going? (very casual) ¿Cómo te va? – How’s it going for you? (literal: How is it going to you?) ¿Qué pasa? – What’s up? (very casual) Bien, gracias – Good, thank you --- 3. Introductions – Presentaciones ¿Cuál es tu nombre? – What is your name? (formal structure, but used less often) ¿Cómo te llamas? – What’s your name? (literal: What are you called? More commonly used) Mi nombre es… – My name is… Me llamo... – My name is… (literal: I call myself…) Mucho gusto – Nice to meet you Encantado/a – Nice to meet you (“Encantado” if you're male, “Encantada” if you're female) --- 4. Politeness – Cortesía Por favor – Pleas...
Read more

Here there's one, who is much faithful than ourselves, and will lead you till the end...

-
A POEM  "Your plans are made Before i was made But every single burden, how i'm gonna face? Everything is big, Everything is great But every single burden, how i'm gonna face? You, replied me with "Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. " Made me stay in your plans Since you made a path already & words to console me ready!"  ~Tafflin * Don't worry about the burdens & struggles you need to go through, to fulfill your purpose that God has assigned for you... 1. "He will guide you, cause he said" Psalm 32:8: "I will instruct you and teach you in the way you should go; I will counsel you with my loving eye on you." 2. "He will give you wisdom, cause he said" James 1:5: "If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask of God, who gives to all liberally and without reproach, and it will be given to him." 3. "He cares for you, cause he said" 1 Peter 5:7: "Casting all your...
Read more

JavaScript Basic Revision

-
Lesson 1: Introduction JavaScript is a programming language used to make web pages interactive. It runs on the browser and can manipulate HTML and CSS dynamically. Example: Displaying an Alert alert("Welcome to JavaScript!"); Output: A pop-up alert saying "Welcome to JavaScript!" Lesson 2: Hello World The first step in learning JavaScript is writing a simple "Hello World" program. Example: console.log("Hello, World!"); Output: Hello, World! console.log() prints messages to the browser's console. Lesson 3: Arrays Arrays store multiple values in a single variable. Example: let fruits = ["Apple", "Banana", "Cherry"]; console.log(fruits[0]); Output: Apple Indexing starts at 0. Lesson 4: Loops Loops execute a block of code multiple times. Example: For Loop for (let i = 1; i <= 5; i++) { console.log("Count: " + i); } Output: Count: 1 Count: 2 Count: 3 Count: 4 Count: 5 Lesson 5: Objects Objects store ...
Read more

C Program BASICS Revision

-
  ✅ First C Program Structure of a C Program ----------------------- #include <stdio.h>  // Preprocessor directive int main() {        // Main function     printf("Hello, World!");  // Output statement     return 0;       // Return statement } -------------------------- ✅ Tokens in C Tokens are the smallest individual units in a C program. Types of Tokens: Keywords → Predefined words (e.g., int, return, if, else, break ) Identifiers → Names given to variables, functions (e.g., main, sum, total ) Constants → Fixed values (e.g., 5, 10.5, 'A' ) Operators → Symbols for operations (e.g., + , - , * , / ) Special Symbols → (e.g., { } , ; ( ) [ ] ) Strings → Sequence of characters in double quotes (e.g., "Hello" ) ✅ Functions in C Function is a block of code that performs a specific task. Syntax: #include <stdio.h> void greet() { // Function without return type print...
Read more